2.
  -2024
..  

( )
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.    '  :
()     
()   
()     
(d)    
2.       -    -  
 
-
3.          
4.      ?          
2.
-
5.          
6.         
-
7.       -    
8.         
2.
  -2024
..  

( )
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.    '  :
()     
()   
()     
(d)    
:           ,    
             -   
          , ,     
              , 
  ,               
              
()     
    "  " '  ,        
       
;           
""     "" ()  "" ()   , 
   "  "
2.
               , 
,                : 

  ?     ?     ?     
;           ,  
 
  -           
              :
1.  -    ,      
:   ?      ?    ?  
          
  
2. -        :    
    ?     '    ?   ?
      ,       
3.    ,    ,    
                
     
4. -              
              
    
 ,         , ,   - 
          
   ,
     
()   
       ,  " "   -  
    ,   ,         
  ,   :           ?
            :
1.            
  ,              
  ,       ,      
              
     
2.       '   
 ,               
       
    , 
2.
      
        
 ,    
3.      
,   ,   
        "  ?"  "  
?"  
      

   
  ,   
-         
4.           
           ,   
            
   
   
5.        
  
    '   ,         
           , 
 -    
 ,      
 -    , 
              
    -        
()     
     ',            
        ,        
      ,   ',        - 
 ,           
 ,        :
1.  -       ,  -   
      ,  ,     
   ,    ,    
  
 
2. - -   ,    '   , 
   ,     '     ,
    , "    
?"     
 ,       , "        
  "
3.           '    
             ,  
  ,      ,    
            ,  
2.
     -      

4.    -        
    ,         
  '       '  
  , 
         ,      
   
 ,             ,     
        ,      
      ,    ,        
 
(d)    
 ,          ,  ,   
 -        ,      , 
    
           :
1.     :      
 ?  
   ,     ,     ?   
,  ,          
     
2.             ,  
             
     ,           
       
3.   -         ""  ""
 
     '   -    ,  
   ,  '  ,     
 
4.   -   ,       
   
  
       ,    , 
   ,           

;            
5.             
             
      
        
  -,         
2.
  
,                
   ,     ,        
 
:   
       ,   '       :
    ,  ,        
    
     ,    
,   
 ,       
       ,        
 -    
         ,     

          
  
,           
   
,                  
,      
     ,   
     
 ,    -        ,   
    ,           
   ,   ,          

              ,
         ,    ,  
  
      ,       
  ,  
            
  
2.       -    -  
 
:  -        
 

2.
           : "  ?" 
 ,
 ,         
   -  ,  ,
     -       ?   , ""  
 ,       ,       
 ,               ,
  ?       ?        
   ?    -   -   ,  
        
 
  '   
    ,     
  -    ,    
                
:
    (    )   (    )?
        ?
           ?
    -             
 
1.    
          
 ,    ,    '      
                
  
  -   
        
    ,    
   
 :   
  ,     
 
:         :    ;   '
  
2.     
  '               
     
 
2.
 ,   ,     
   " " ,   
   
    -     -   
 
 :    ,    
:       :       
    
 
3.    
       
            

     - ,     
     
 :        ,
      ,    
 :   ,    -    
:        :   (" 
 ")     
4.     ( )
       :   '' 

 (-)   
    
""       
(, , ,  , )     
          ,     

 :    ;           
   
:           :     
    -   
5.     
   ,   (   )   '      () 
  
   ( )  ( ) 
 
2.
   ,       ()    
     
  
 :    ,  ,     
:   ,   :  ;  

6.    
        
   
:          '   -    
 ,   

:            ,   
      -   "" 
 :       
:  '  :   
;      

        ?
7.    
-           ' 

 ,     
     - 
   

 
 ,  ()    ,      
 
 :   
   
  
:          :  
        
8.    
             

  "" ()  "" (  -  - , , 
)   
2.
       '  : 
    ,   

     -   
 :  ,  ,        
:       ,     : - 
 ,       
   
        
       
           
          
     
       : , , , ,
,  
  
                 :
     
            
        
           
        
           
   
           
  ,      
 -        

 

             -   -
    :     ,  ,   ,  
   
  ',        
   ,  
,     
         
2.
-       ,   ,      
 
 ,  "  ?"     
     
  -          
-
3.          
:      , ,  ,   
        , ,     
            ,     
        - , ,   -   ,   ,
,  ,        ,      
         ,    '   

,        ,        
,             ,    
,       -     , ,     ' 

   -  
;  ,      ' 

   ,    ,        : 
      
   
 --  ,       
    
1.      
                 
 '         ,     
  
:            
       
, , ,      ,          
                
 
       
        
   ,  
         ,   ',
                 
     , "         
 
 -    "
2.
           ,       
 '             - ,  
 -        
     '    
 ,         ,    
        -   ,   
 ,   
2.   
               
        
;       
,             
         ,      ' 

   1789           
         "      
    "   ',     
 , 
   '             , 
    
 
             ,   1948 
      (UDHR),   
     ,
     ,            
       
;       
3.   
                
     ,       
 ,       

   ,  
        
   '   
? 
    -  
            ,    ,
         ,       
                
       ,       
4.     
         
;    
              : 
            , 
   '   
2.
                    ',
        ,            
         ,      
    ,     '       
 ,         
5.     
                 '
 ,                  
       ,        
  -  -          
 
   
 
      :   ,        ' 
      ,          
      ',   
        

,          
6.     
              
:           ?       
      ,          
 
     -      
 
 
     ,    
     
          ,          - 
             
7.     
               ,
 ,  ,     ,   :
       ? 
    
,      
 ?
  ,      '       
,                 
        
;   ',  
               
8.       
2.
     '          
 
;               
     ,           ,
           ',   
         
 
                 
       -  , ,     
                , 
 
   ,         
  

 ,       ,    ,   , ,
                  ,
             ,     ,
      
        , 
  ,     , ,         '   
  
 ,        
;        
                 
  ,     ,        
   ,     
  ,      
                
  
 
4.      ?          
: : ,       
 

                    , 
   '   
 ,       
 
        ,       ,
        
2.
 ,      ,    '   ,    
     ,            
    ,  
     ?
   
  ,               
,      :
        ,       
 
      
,  ,        
    (   )    (,
       )   
 ,      
       
     
  
  
  :   ,         
:  '    ,      
 
  :         ,  
  -    
      1945    ,     

       
               
    
1.     
    :        ,    
    
 :           
  : -  (NPT)  START    
    
   :        
2.
  :         '  '   
              -    
  
2.    
       
      
      
   :        

  :     
 ,  

 :      ,   
 
 :              
 ,       
3.       
 
            (  )
  
       ,   
 
 
        ,    
 
:              
    
4.    
            
 
  :     ,       
 
 :           
 :           
 
  :           ,     
         
5.   
2.
              
  :          ,  
      
-II :    , -    

 : , ,       
   
6.   
     
 :  ,        
 : -      
 :            
:    "       "     
   
7.     
      ,         

- : -      
 -: , ,     
          
-       
8.    
   
 -      
 :        
 :   , - ,  
  
  :    ,   
  :    ,      - 
  
 ,      
   
2.
   :        
 
  : ,     
 :      
 :          
    
      

 -    
  
  
              
    
 ,            
         ,     
         
    

         -  ,      
       ,    , ,
 ,  , ,  -      
 ,        
;      
      ,        ,   
 
 ,               , 
   ,     ,       

    : "   
  
  ;      

 ,   
 ,   
,     
 "
-
5.         
:    : ,      
   
   '     , ,   
             ,   , 
         ,  ,     
 
     
;         
2.
 ,                
   ,     ,      '  
 
 
          ,    ""  "" 
 ,        
      '  
,  ,      '      
     ;     
    
,         
   ,  ,    ' -      
              ,   
               :
  ,         ,       
        , -   
   
      , , ,      '  
   ',        '  ,   
           ,    
               
         
  ,          ,   
            ,   
    '           
       ,  
 ,    
       
    
    
 ,      
 
""      ""  "",       
    ,             
     '   ,          
    ,         
2.
    
;         -   
'   , -,       ,      
                 ,
  ,              
    
 ,       
 
      
 -          , 
             ,   
       ,         
   
   ,           ,  
       
     
      ,        
15
 16
      ,       
    ,  ,          
           ,     
  '   ,       ,   
      
           ,  ,   
    ,             
   ,            
,                   

             , 
        
 
  ',         
     
,       
  ,     
            , 

 ,              

                
 ,        
 -             '
         ,     '  ,
2.
  -           - , ,
 -            
  ,             
   
 ,                
  ,      ,     
  
  ,          
  
   
            
 -    
      ',         
        ,    
,            
  
 ,                
      
 ,     ,      ,
    ,  ,            
 
  ,           
 ,            
   ,          
    
,          
   
 
       ,         
    ,      - 
      
        -
     ,        , 
      ,      
,     '   ,      
      ,    ,      
   ,          

2.
      
 -  -      ,
       ,        


        
;      
     '         
-  , ,         
     
    , 
           
  ,   ,        
 
      ,   ,      
     , ,         ,  
              ,    
   ,  ,         
 
 ,             

         
 -  ,   
    
      ,      
     ,        
  
,    
  
6.         
:     
 

               
,       ,         
        ,      , 
         
,        
      ,            

2.
    
;        
              
  ,       
    
    ,           
:   
  
     : (
) +  ()   ',   
""          ,     
 
;     ,        
   ,        
  ,    '    
  
       
 
       :
  ,    ,         
  ,         
  ,            
 
              
      
   
1.  :              
   
 
2.  :       ,  
   
3. :            -  
    
4.   :          , 
 
      
:    1930      ,     
                
       
2.
:   
  
              
 :  ()   (  )  ,     "
    "  "-"
             ,  
,    -            
  
1.  ():  ;         
2.  ():    ;     
3. - ():  '        
4.    :             
   
   
1.  :       
,   
 
 
2.     :    '        
   
     
3.  :      
   
    ,     
4.  :       
,  -
     
:  (1917)    ,       
              
 ,  
           
     
        
 
;    
  ,       
  ,      
  ,      
  -        
 
2.
:    ,        
     ;          
  
1.     
                

           
2.   
    
 ,   '         
     
3.  
    ,       :
              

           
4.  
   
       
,      
 ,      
  
           
              
    
 ,           ,     
      
  
                
              ,  
    ,             
          

2.
               

       
   ,   
  
      -       ,  
       
      ,      : "    
    "    
 ;     

   ,     
          -
   ,     
-
7.       -    
:      -   ,        
   
  , , ,  ,  
    
               
,         
  ,  
         -   ,    
  ,     ,     ,   

  -                 
 ,             ? 
      
  ?
   ,              
, , -, , -,          
              '   
 -    '       ,    
          
 "   "        
      
 ,        
       ,       
,           ,      
    -       :
 . (1871),     -   , 
 "  "      , , ,
2.
,  , ,           
     
 20
   -,   " 
        "    

       ,      
"
  , 
     - ;    
     - -,         
 
   
      ,         

:
1.    :     ,  ,
,     
   
2.   :    
;   ,    
 
3.   :, -,        
      
4.   :     ,     
,    ,          
5.   :          
 ,     ,      ,
-,      
  
   ,         
      -   ,    
 ,   ,     -   
  
      
1. 
                   
                 
, , ,       :
2.
       ;     ,   

 
              '
     
    , ,  ,   
   
    
    ,     ,   -   
      ,         
 
     '   
2. 
                 
 
 , ,            
              -  
     
 ,   ,     ,      

   ,            
        
  ,                
  ,         
3. 
                 
              :
-:  -  ,        

:     ,       
 :        ,     
  
               
  -       ,     
     
2.
4. 
-        , ,       

   ,       -   
    : 
    ?   '   ?   ?
 :
            
      ,      '
  
   ,  ,        
  
-       ,      
 
5. 
             , , 
               
 ,     ,        
 :
           

  ,        
     
    
  ,      
6. -  
-              
        
  , ,   
    
 ,        ,    


 ,         
    
    
                
2.
7.    
             
  , ,          
 ,      
 
          

 
          

 
,          
              
     
 
8.  
   
    ,      
            :
:,  -,      
:,        
: , ,      
:  ,  ,      

/ :        

       ,   
  
        
9.   
, ,           
 ,       -    
 
,  ,         
 
    ,     
 
  
,     
     
 
2.
:       
     ,         -
  ,      ,  - , 
 , ,         ,      
    
 ,    ,    
        ,    ,  
     
         
 -    
  ,             
       ,    ,    
        
 ,           
 , 
  ,    ,       
    
 :

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  
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  /
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  /
  
           ,   

        
8.         
:     
 

2.
   
      
   ,  
     -      
  ,    ,
  ,    -      -   
      ,     
     ,  
     
      ;   
  

   , 
    ,   
   
  
  
       ,    " "  
   
  -   , -, -, , , ,
  
   :
   
,  
     
,              
   :       
; 
  
  
  :      
     
:   , ,  ,   ,  
     
  
       ,    ""   
     
    , , , 
      
  : 
, ,        

  :  ,      
  :               
 
:      ,  , -  
      
     
       -  :



2.

 , -, ,
, 
    
 

 , ,  
, , 

 

 
   

, , , , -

 , , ,
 

      
     



    
   

 , , 
, , , 
     
 - ,       '   
           '  
  ' 
          - 
      
:     ()   ,    ,
   ()   ,        , 
               
  -     
 
1.   

  
  '          ,   
      
 
2.    
          ,    
 ,         
3.   
 
     -       
-      ,        
, 
       
2.
  
     '    
 -    , ,      
 
       ,   ,    
 
       ,          

        ,        
  '                 
   
:  ()  ,   ,     ,
   
:    ,   ,  , 
    
        -    ()  ,
   ()    
   
1.   -:         ,
           
2. :  -  ,      ,    
    
3.  :        ,   
         

           , - 
   ;  ,      
    
 -    
    

  -   
    ,        
    ,        
 ,      ,           
   ,           - 
  , 
 
 ,  
  
2.
"               

       ,         "